USS Wasp CV-18 World War II Aircraft Carrier US Navy

USS Wasp (CV-18) was an Essex-class aircraft carrier built for the US Navy. It saw extensive service in the Pacific during World War II and continued to be of service after the war until it was decommissioned in 1972. Design Construction Designed in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys Lexington- and Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were intended to conform to the limitations set forth by the Washington Naval Treaty. This agreement placed restrictions on the tonnage of various types of warships as well as capped each signatorys total tonnage. These types of limitations were reaffirmed in the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As worldwide tensions increased, Japan and Italy left the treaty structure in 1936. With the collapse of the agreement, the US Navy commenced designing a new, larger type of aircraft carrier and one which drew from the lessons learned from the Yorktown-class. The resulting class was longer and wider as well as included a deck-edge elevator. This had been used earlier on USS  Wasp (CV-7). In addition to carrying a larger number of aircraft, the new design mounted a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament. Dubbed the Essex-class, the lead ship, USS  Essex (CV-9), was laid down in April 1941. This was followed by USS Oriskany (CV-18) which was laid down on March 18, 1942, at Bethlehem Steels Fore River Ship Yard in Quincy, MA. Over the next year and a half, the carriers hull rose on the ways. In the fall of 1942, Oriskanys name was changed to Wasp to recognize the carrier of the same name which had been torpedoed by I-19 in the Southwest Pacific. Launched on August 17, 1943, Wasp entered the water with Julia M. Walsh, daughter of Massachusetts Senator David I. Walsh, serving as sponsor. With World War II raging, workers pushed to finish the carrier and it entered commission on November 24, 1943, with Captain Clifton A. F. Sprague in command. USS Wasp (CV-18) Overview Nation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Bethlehem Steel - Fore River ShipyardLaid Down: March 18, 1942Launched: August 17, 1943Commissioned: November 24, 1943Fate: Scrapped 1973 Specifications Displacement: 27,100 tonsLength: 872 ft.Beam: 93 ft.Draft: 34 ft., 2 in.Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shaftsSpeed: 33 knotsComplement: 2,600 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns90-100 aircraft Entering Combat Following a shakedown cruise and alterations in the yard, Wasp conducted training in the Caribbean before departing for the Pacific in March 1944. Arriving at Pearl Harbor in early April, the carrier continued training then sailed for Majuro where it joined Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Fast Carrier Task Force. Mounting raids against Marcus and Wake Islands to test tactics in late May, Wasp commenced operations against the Marianas the following month as its planes struck Tinian and Saipan. On June 15, aircraft from the carrier supported Allied forces as they landed in the opening actions of the Battle of Saipan. Four days later, Wasp saw action during the stunning American victory at the Battle of the Philippine Sea. On June 21, the carrier and USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) were detached to mop up fleeing Japanese forces. Though searching, they were not able to locate the departing enemy. War in the Pacific Moving north in July, Wasp attacked Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima before returning to the Marianas to launch strikes against Guam and Rota. That September, the carrier began operations against the Philippines before shifting to support the Allied landings on Peleliu. Replenishing at Manus after this campaign, Wasp and Mitschers carriers swept through the Ryukyus before raiding Formosa in early October. This done, the carriers began raids against Luzon to prepare for General Douglas MacArthurs landings on Leyte. On October 22, two days after the landings commenced, Wasp departed the area to replenish at Ulithi. Three days later, with the Battle of Leyte Gulf raging, Admiral William Bull Halsey directed the carrier to return to the area to provide assistance. Racing west, Wasp took part in the later actions of the battle before again departing for Ulithi on October 28. The remainder of the fall was spent operating against the Philippines and in mid-December, the carrier weathered a severe t yphoon. Resuming operations, Wasp supported landings at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon in January 1945, before taking part in a raid through the South China Sea. Steaming north in February, the carrier attacked Tokyo before turning to cover the invasion of Iwo Jima. Remaining in the area for several days, Wasps pilot provided ground support for the Marines ashore. After replenishing, the carrier returned to Japanese waters in mid-March and began raids against the home islands. Coming under frequent air attack, Wasp sustained a severe bomb hit on March 19. Conducting temporary repairs, the crew kept the ship operational for several days before it was withdrawn. Arriving at Puget Sound Navy Yard on April 13, Wasp remained inactive until mid-July. Fully repaired, Wasp steamed west July 12 and attacked Wake Island. Rejoining the Fast Carrier Task Force, it again began raids against Japan. These continued until the suspension of hostilities on August 15. Ten days later, Wasp endured a second typhoon though it sustained damage to its bow. With the end of the war, the carrier sailed for Boston where it was fitted with extra accommodations for 5,900 men. Placed in service as part of Operation Magic Carpet, Wasp sailed for Europe to aid in returning American soldiers home. With the end of this duty, it entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet in February 1947. This inactivity proved brief as it moved to the New York Navy Yard the following year for an SCB-27 conversion to allow it to handle the US Navys new jet aircraft. Postwar Years Joining the Atlantic Fleet in November 1951, Wasp collided with USS Hobson five months later and sustained severe damage to its bow. Quickly repaired, the carrier spent the year in the Mediterranean and conducting training exercises in the Atlantic. Moved to the Pacific in late 1953, Wasp operated in the Far East for much of the next two years. In early 1955, it covered the evacuation of the Tachen Islands by Nationalist Chinese forces before departing for San Francisco. Entering the yard, Wasp underwent an SCB-125 conversion which saw the addition of an angled flight deck and a hurricane bow. This work was finished late that fall and the carrier resumed operations in December. Returning to the Far East in 1956, Wasp was redesignated as an antisubmarine warfare carrier on November 1. Transferring to the Atlantic, Wasp spent the rest of the decade conducting routine operations and exercises. These included forays into the Mediterranean and working with other NATO forces. After aiding a United Nations airlift in Congo during 1960, the carrier returned to normal duties. In the fall of 1963, Wasp entered the Boston Naval Shipyard for a Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization overhaul. Completed in early 1964, it conducted a European cruise later that year. Returning to the East Coast it recovered Gemini IV on June 7, 1965, at the completion of its spaceflight. Reprising this role, it recovered Geminis VI and VII that December. After delivering the spacecraft to port, Wasp departed Boston in January 1966 for exercises off Puerto Rico. Encountering severe seas, the carrier suffered structural damage and following an examination at its destination soon returned north for repairs. After these were completed, Wasp resumed normal activities before recovering Gemini IX in June 1966. In November, the carrier again fulfilled a role for NASA when it brought on board Gemini XII. Overhauled in 1967, Wasp remained in the yard until early 1968. Over the next two years, the carrier operated in the Atlantic while making some voyages to Europe and participating in NATO exercises. These types of activities continued into the early 1970s when it was decided to remove the Wasp from service. In port at Quonset Point, RI for the final months of 1971, the carrier was formally decommissioned on July 1, 1972. Stricken from the Naval Vessel Register, Wasp was sold for scrap on May 21, 1973. Sources DANFS: USS Wasp (CV-18)NavSource: USS Wasp (CV-18)USS Wasp Association

The Art Of Art - 1534 Words

â€Å"Ali, stay with Marry and Christine at all time; never wonder-off by yourself. Okay?† Mom says as she unlocks the car door and puts some chocolate bars in Ali’s backpack. â€Å"Yes, mom! I will always be with Marry and Christine and will never go anywhere by myself† Ali replies with a big smile, and gives a kiss on Mom’s cheek. As Ali gets off the car, she sees Marry and Christine waving at her at the entrance of the gallery. After receiving their tickets, Ali, Marry and Christine enters the gallery. People from both outside and inside of the town all flood into the gallery to enjoy the artwork of Akemi Homura, a Japanese artist who is well-known for her traditional-style artwork. While the walking through the gallery, a small voice rises†¦show more content†¦By the time she opens the door, Ali cannot stop her jaw from moving apart. â€Å"Impossible. Is this really the gallery that I was in a few moments ago?† Ali gasps, turning her he ad side-to-side, dangling her ponytail. There are shelves filled with stuffed animals along each side of the walls, a coffee table settles in the middle of the room, behind the table is a nicely furnished L-shaped reclining couch, and on top are pillows that every little girl dreams about: pink and fluffy. She takes a big step in, but takes a few steps backward instead. There is another girl sitting on the couch, wiping her tears from her face. ‘Is she just like me? Lost in Akemi Homura’s gallery?’ â€Å"Um. Hi! My name is Ali. I was looking for restroom in the gallery, but now I have no idea where am I. What’s your name?† The girl stops sobbing, but afraid to look up to Ali. â€Å"Well, here’s a chocolate bar,† Ali kneels down and puts the chocolate bar in the girl’s palm, â€Å"I think you will feel better after eating this!† â€Å"ah!† the girl makes some voice. â€Å"Thank you†¦My name is Rena. I also los t my friends. I was putting too much attention on one of the paintings that I didn’t realize my friends are all gone. When I tried to search for them, I noticed there were less and less people around me, and I ended up in this room. I†¦I don’t know what to do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Rena’s tears start falling down her cheek. â€Å"This is very weird. I think there must be a way toShow MoreRelatedArt : The Art Of Art1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe Art of Art Some of the first art come out of the Americas was the visual arts of the people of the Caribbean, Central, North and South Americas. This type of art refers to all art produced until the late 15th century, and occasionally till the very early 16th. The end of this period of art is notably marked by the untimely arrival of the notorious western explorer Christopher Columbus’ landing in the Americas. The European discovery and exploration, or conquests of the Americas pre-ColumbianRead MoreArt, Art And Art915 Words   |  4 PagesArt, one of the most important ways for individuals to express their thoughts and feelings about things. Painting is one of the many artistic forms used to communicate the aforementioned. Paintings are often displayed at museums or art galleries in order to allow people to admire them and analyze their meaning. A painting that is displayed at the Albright-Knox art gallery in Buffalo, New York is La Vie Paysanne. French-Russian artist, Marc Chagall, painted La Vie Paysanne in the year 1925. InRead MoreArt : Art And Art1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is it that attracts us to art? Have you ever wondered exactly why abstract art displays in art museums are indefinitely more valued than that of an art piece created by a child? If you happen to be unaware of what abstract art is all about, it is the only art form in which is solely based upon creating art using shapes, forms, colors and lines to create a composition designed to have no aesthetic significance whatsoever. 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I had a painting to complete for a client, it was a commissioned painting of the clients two cats, and he wanted a bright impressionist surreal background with the cats painted in the hyper-realistic style. I also had a deadline for which I needed to complete the commission painting. Anyhow, I had a challenging time getting the background, right since I usually paint in a hyperrealist style. To achieveRead MoreThe Value Of Art And Art1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe ownership of art in 2017 is typically brought up in discussions regarding works of art with seven to eight-digit price tags, owned by individuals with a net worth that can be described using nine to ten digits. However, popular opinion would probably agree that the person who has the single greatest appreciation for art is the art historian. 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Who do you think was the most important figure in Russian history †Lenin or Stalin Free Essays

Both leaders play important roles in the Russian history. Lenin gave birth to Communism in Russia and helped it survive during its first critical years. He set up a one-party rule, his style of leadership was borrowed with only slight alterations by six consecutive leaders and command economy with Communism lasted till 1991. We will write a custom essay sample on Who do you think was the most important figure in Russian history – Lenin or Stalin? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stalin continued along Lenin’s way, but took Russia more into ‘extremes’. Out of the backward Russia he created an influential and industrialised totalitarian state feared by the West. He expanded the Soviet Unions’ borders up to Eastern Europe and helped in the spread of Communism right 100 km from the most dominant capitalist state, the USA. He introduced Collectivisation, helped Russia win the 2nd World War, but at the same time killed millions of people, most of them during the Purges. But could all this have happened without Lenin? It is possible that without Lenin Communism would have never emerged in Russia. If he wouldn’t have returned from Finland twice, first to raise the Bolshevik’s popularity – from a barely known Party to the third most influential one – and the second time to persuade other fellow party members to seize power, then the Bolsheviks might have never won enough support or might have failed to seize the right moment for the overthrow of the Provisional Government. Considering that Communism lasted for more than 70 year in Russia, his importance in the Russian history seems to be enormous. Furthermore, Lenin helped Communism to survive in perhaps the most critical times of a new regime: right after it has been set up. He closed down the Constituent Assembly and made peace with Germany so he can concentrate on Russia’s internal affairs. During the Civil War in 1918 he made some very tactful decisions, like letting Trotsky to lead the Red Army and introducing War Communism to supply the soldiers. From all these, we can easily see that Lenin’s role in the set up of Communism is absolutely crucial, making him a very important figure in the Russian history. Stalin had a huge impact on Russia as well. After emerging as the new ruler in 1922, he had great plans for Russia, which mostly were fulfilled. He industrialised Russia at an incredible pace and introduced Collectivisation. Both of these new reforms were carried out by 5 of his successors. However, Lenin was the one who first introduced a state planned economy, and quite a strict one, especially during the Civil War. Therefore Stalin’s ideas were ‘ borrowed’ from Lenin, proving that without Lenin Stalin might have never introduced the same reforms and thus have the impact that it created. Stalin had a great importance in Russia’s history because he expanded greatly the boundaries of the country so they included 5 whole countries from Eastern Europe and the Baltic Countries up till 1990. With this he managed to increase the hostility between Russia and Western Capitalist Countries, who felt threatened by the rapidly expanding Communism throughout the world. Thus it can be seen that Stalin played an important role in the Cold War, especially in the early stages. However, this rivalry between Communist and Capitalist countries was commenced by Lenin, who with his idea of ‘Permanent Revolution’ induced fear in the mind of the capitalist countries’ leaders. Also during the Russian Civil war in 1918, the Red Army fought against foreign troops as well, who were trying to restore the old Tsarist rule. Therefore Stalin didn’t start the rivalry between Capitalists and Russia (Communists); he simply carried on what Lenin started a longer time ag o. During the 1930s Stalin began the Cult of Personality, when all types of media and communication glorified Stalin and the achievements of the USSR as an influential Communist power. The result of these was that many generation’s minds were indoctrinated by the extensive use of propaganda. However, even thou Lenin didn’t glorify himself as a God-like being, he introduced widespread propaganda much earlier in Russia during the Civil War. Stalin introduced the Purges to eliminate any kind of opposition and to assure his place as an unquestionable leader. During his ruling period the secret police was very active, arresting, executing or sending to exile any people who opposed or might oppose the current government. In this way millions of lives were lost, and the remaining surviving ones lived in fear and terror. This style of ruling, by keeping the nation under a strict, tight control was introduced by Lenin, who also made use of the secret police to calm down any possible resistance against the new regime. The same thing happened with religion as well. As a good Communist Lenin forbade the practice of religion, and Stalin – just like Lenin – continued the suppression of religious freedom. Therefore we can see that Stalin had an important role in the Russian history, but if we look more closely, it is easy to spot that he just followed Lenin’s path. All this prove, that even thou Stalin might have had a greater impact on Russia, Lenin had a greater importance than him, because he was the one who was mostly involved in the set up of Communism and putting it into practice using different new reforms. Ultimately, Stalin might have never emerged as a leader if Lenin wouldn’t have gave him the position as the general secretary of the Communist Party, which allowed Stalin to win the power struggle. Therefore his importance in the Russian history is less than Lenin’s. How to cite Who do you think was the most important figure in Russian history – Lenin or Stalin?, Papers

Types of Businesses free essay sample

1.Rob Lopez wants to have three rooms in his home painted. He visits the local Home Depot store, selects the paint colours from samples available in the Paint Department and purchases six gallons of Glidden brand paint, which he estimates is sufficient to paint the rooms. After paying for the paint, Rob stops by the service counter and looks at a list of independent painting contractors. He decides to contact several of the contractors to request estimates on painting the rooms. Answer: Based on the paragraph, the types of businesses carried out would be intermediaries and services business. Paint Department in Home Depot store is providing intermediaries business as they buy Glidden brand paint and sell it out to their customers. Service counter in Home Depot store is providing services business as they provide information of independent painting contractors. 2.Molly Russell loves to cook and has finally turned her hobby into a business by opening Molly’s Gourmet Meals, producing complete gourmet meals that are fully cooked and ready to heat and eat. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Businesses or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because she believes in using the finest and freshest ingredients, Molly purchases all of her produce from a small farm close to her home. Molly sells her gourmet meals through various outlets, including the deli departments at several local supermarkets. Because she needs to remain in the kitchen overseeing production, Molly has contracted with another small business person, Stephen Daily of Daily Deliveries, to deliver the meals to the supermarkets. Answer: Based on the paragraph, the types of businesses involved would be producers, intermediaries and services business. According to the paragraph, the producers would be the small farm close to Molly’s house while the producer would be Molly’s Gourmet Meals as Molly produces complete gourmet meals. Stephen Daily of Daily Deliveries is providing services business to Molly for delivering meals to the supermarkets. On the other hand, the intermediaries would be the supermarkets as it receive delivering orders and at the same time sell them to customers. 3.Jeff Martin owns a mobile dog grooming business, On the Go Grooming, which allows customers to conveniently have their pets groomed at home. Jeff purchased three vans from a local dealership and took them to Custom Car  Creations to have sinks, drying stations, and grooming stations added to allow him and his staffs to shampoo, dry, and clip dogs right in the customer’s driveway. Each van also contains built-in cabinets, which are stocked with an assortment of animal care products, which Jeff orders in bulk from the manufacturer. Because many of his customers have begun asking if they can purchase some of the pet care products for use at home, Jeff recently began ordering some of the products in smaller packages to sell to customers. Answer: Based on the paragraph, at the beginning, Jeff Martin is providing services business which is On the Go Grooming that allows the customers to conveniently having their pets groomed at home. Besides that, Jeff Martin purchased vans from local dealership who provided intermediaries business. Jeff Martin expanded his business to intermediaries business as his customers requested to purchase some for the pet care products for use at home and he begin to order those pet care products in smaller packages to sell to his customers.

Comparing Hitler And Stalin In Their Rise To Power Essays (1705 words)

Comparing Hitler and Stalin in their rise to power Comparing Hitler and Stalin in their rise to power During the period leading up to World War II, there were two men who were on opposing sides, the men were Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin. These men were each triumphant in their rise to power in their countries and they were very comparable in the ways that they succeeded. Their success was mostly attributed to their new ideas and their politics. Although Hitler and Stalin hated each other, the two leaders were similar in many ways. Hitler and Stalin each rose to the highest position attainable in their respective countries, and there were three main reasons that they were able to do this. Both men were skilled users of propaganda, each was amoral, and they both had the ambition to make their countries powerful in the world. Since each was a skilled user of propaganda, they could use their words to twist and manipulate the minds of people into believing that what they were saying was the absolute truth. Using this power, they would get people to do anything for them, which proves their amorality. Since their countries were still trying to recover from World War I, they desired to restore the power back in to their countries. These three reasons will prove that Hitler and Stalin were similar in many ways. The names Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are synonymous with the word propaganda. In order to understand how Hitler and Stalin used propaganda, an understanding of what the word means, is required. According to Merriam-Webster, "propaganda is the spreading of ideas to further or damage a cause; also the ideas or allegations spread for a purpose". Hitler and Stalin each used propaganda as their tool to further their ideas and help them gain the backing of the people in their countries. The form of propaganda that Hitler used, and was successful in using, was his words. Hitler made many speeches, but the one speech that was a famous one, was his final speech at his trial for treason. In this speech he gave his views and opinions on the events preceding the trial. This is an excerpt from his speech: "...I aimed from the first to....become the destroyer of Marxism....The army that we are building grows more from day to day, from hour to hour. Gentlemen, not you who will be the ones that deliver the verdict over us, but that verdict will be given by the eternal judgement of history, which will speak out against the accusation that has been made against us....That court will judge us....as Germans (who) wanted only the best for their people and their Fatherland, who fought and were willing to die. You might just as well find us guilty a thousand times, but the goddess of the eternal court of history will smile and tear up the motions of the states attorney and the judgement of this court: for she finds us not guilty". After Hitler gave this speech, the court was sympathetic towards him, he was sentenced to only five years in prison for his crime. After nine months of his sentence had been served, he received parole. Being able to gain Nazi party control and gain enough supporters, proves that he was an efficient user of propaganda. Hitler also had his own minister of propaganda when he became leader of the country. This proves that Hitler was an user of propaganda, but Joseph Stalin was not as blatantly obvious with his uses of propaganda. Stalin did however use propaganda in his speech to the Fifteenth Congress in 1927. Stalin said in this speech: " Evidently, the opposition prefers to be outside the party. Well, let it be outside the party. There is nothing terrible, or exceptional, or surprising in the fact that they prefer to be outside the party, that they are cutting themselves off from the party. If you study the history of our party, you will find that always, at certain serious turns taken by our party, a certain section of the old leaders fell out of the cart of the Bolshevik party and made room for newer members. A turn is a serious thing, comrades. A turn is dangerous for those who do not sit firmly in the party cart. Not everybody can keep his balance when a turn is made. You turn the cart - and on looking back, you find that someone has fallen out". After Stalin said this, an immediate applause was heard. Stalin was telling people what they

gun control Essay Example

gun control Essay Example gun control Essay gun control Essay Gun Control On December 14, 2012 twenty-six people were fatally shot and killed, twenty of them were children. Ever since this traumatic day certain portions of the population have been advocating gun control. Honestly I think gun control should be advocated when innocent people are dying due to gun violence. The second amendment states that we have a right to bear arms, but that really doesnt seem like the case anymore. Maybe if people would stop using them to murder innocent people we would be able to use guns freely without looking suspicious. There have been many mass-murders efore the Sandy Hook Shooting, lets not forget the Columbine High School Massacre, when two high school seniors went in and killed eleven students and one adult. I am for gun control, because with all the mass- murders, and deaths due to gun violence, we need to have a little more law toward gun control. For instance when you see someone with what you think is a gun and you shoot them. Like George Zimmerman and Traynvon Martin. Mr. Zimmerman saw the kid who was Traywon and shot him because he thought that he had a gun and shot him. : Most Republicans in the House of Representatives have top rankings in the National Rifle Association, the powerful gun rights lobby (CNN, 2013), and this put Beams plan in a very difficult situation to win congressional votes In the House of Representatives. Officials from some states and second amendments fanatics have planned to resist or fight the new gun controls saying that Obama and his administration want to steal their freedom. Some states have introduced a bill that will impede gun control laws such that it would be a felony for law enforcement to implement new gun controls and could spend up to five years in Jail (Business Insider, 2013). Obama persuasive action Obama In his state of the union speech he reminds Congress and the Americans at large of the calamities guns have brought to the united States, as a leader he wants o touch the heart of all Congress men and women, there is even the gesture of inviting the victims and kids who have written letters to him to push for gun restrictive legislature. In order for Obama to gain support, he should never single out any stumbling block and should reach out to all stakeholders involved. The Cultural map This a true picture of a cultural map, a lot of people In the united states have always the wild wide west, this is the culture to them. This is then supported by second amendment were in the past militia where used in wars and in there revolution against colonial powers but in this civilized world guns have proved to be more harmful. Leadership is an essential resource for creating and sustaining organizations, communities and societies, as such scholars have classified it into different styles that is classical and new style of leadership. Since leadership is essential, how then do leadership theories, concepts and styles help our new leaders like in the case of President Obama Gun Control. What leadership style should he adopt and is it possible for a leader to achieve his goals on the same leadership style. Before we dwell on what dervish style should be adopted like in the case of the President Beams Gun Control, it is important to elaborate more on the leadership styles. Leadership literature has been categorized into the classical leadership which is trait and behavior/style theory of leadership and new leadership styles which includes contingent and transformational theories (Tudor Richards, 2012). It should be noted that research has failed to prove or resolve if a leader can run a big dynamic and complex organization with a single specific style of leadership. During 1880 to asses leadership style called trait theory evolved, this theory deals with the quality in personal traits that a leader must pose like Intelligence, charisma, confidence, credibility, emotional intelligence. Behavioral style leadership on the other hand links leadership to the behavior patterns of leadership, this changes the thinking from a born leader to a made leader (Douglas McGregor, 1960). Studies have identified two critical attributes of leadership behavior which are consideration and initiating structure. In analyzing his leadership style using classical leadership styles shows hat he is actually equipped with the necessary traits, the behavior pattern also show him as a leader whose behavior pattern has evolved from being the first black president of the Harvard Law Review in 1990 and heading of community development programs for poor African-Americans to Senator and now President. The new leadership styles which will apply to him in his democratic leadership will be the Contingency and Transformation leadership styles. The contingency or situation leader styles have all factors that can affect leadership that is the people, ask and the organization itself (Attainment, Heckler Mascaras, 1961). This leadership style recognizes the power in the leader (the US president), the power in legislation). A leader like his subordinates would like to identify his subordinates independence and freedom to identify and deal with problems using their knowledge and experience. The power in the situation will be determined the nature of the problem, depending on how difficult his situation is or how much pressure it is receiving, the leader is expected to be heroic and charismatic to drive the goals.

Salem Trials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Salem Trials - Essay Example To defend themselves from the punishment and excommunication of their religion, they had to admit that they were unaware of what they have done and that some witch cast a spell upon them and made them do such kind of things. An act that was born out of curiosity and adventure now turned into a general crisis. Upon realizing this story, the authorities took action by demanding that the girls give out names, thus 19 people were accused. Similarly, history seemed to have repeated itself in the guise of cold war when the conflict between USSR and USA erupted. Due to ideological differences, the communistic Russia compounded several reasons to cause apprehension among Americans. Both countries began to question their subject's loyalty and considered everyone a threat to their liberty. In America, a massive hunt for communist began. The HUAC campaign of John McCarthy "expounded fiery anti-Communist diatribes in print and in the new medium of television" (Boyer. 1985). What started as mere rivalry of powers, turned into a dark cloud of suspicion above everyone, and so began the espionage mission to address the impending threat to national security. The arrest, prosecution and execution of the Rosenbergs started the massive hunt for treacherous act which denotes how suspicions play a role in one's decision over the inherent right to be heard and to live freely. The announcement of those who were suspected to have communi stic inclinations working inside the government extended far into the strata of prominent actors, producers, academes, and scientists, where no one was excluded and no amount of heroism and bravery could restrain its deadly repercussions. Likewise in this era, there was also this looming suspicion as to the possession of nuclear weapon, a powerful arm set for massive destruction and even to the demise of mankind. There are several angles whereby the Salem witch trial ran in parallel with, the Cold War and Arms Race, and this is most clear in the area of power, more particularly in the aspect of subordination and the exercise of authority. The central theme of this paper is to point out the aspects in which all three are parallel and why they are considered as such. The Parallels in the aspect of a socialist view The commonalities in Salem trials, the cold war and arms race, lies in the nature where the unfounded skepticisms triggered enormous abuse to mankind, denying the inherent right to live and defend life. The Salem witch trial is congruent to both cold wars and arms race is the sense that each of them demonstrates the manipulation of the subordinates without paying any consideration to the subject's inherent right. All three stories defines the American culture of conformity, whereby one is forced to align his or her ideals according to what the standards say or what is generally accepted to be correct. Conformity, dictates that one is forced to follow if one does not want to be an outcast. In the Salem Witch trial, everyone conformed to the standards of their religion and because the practice of witch craft is deemed heretic by the church, then everyone who violates this standard ought to suffer punishment. Not one of those young children who accused 19 people of heresy took their wor d back for fear. No one dared defended the innocence of the accused for fear of being committing the

Marketing Mix Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Mix Analysis - Research Paper Example Marketing Channel Format and Intermediaries Wholesale Channel Lululemon’s products are sold at third-party resellers, which the company feels is parallel to their company. Such resellers may include premium yoga studious, fitness centers and health clubs. Speciality Store and Franchises are among of the company’s reseller. However, the wholesale channel of business does not generate overall revenue for the company. Thus, the strategy is generally opted to create brand awareness in new markets (SlideShare Inc, 2012). Online Lululemon’s products are based on target segmentation. Most the company’s products are based on young women. Thus, the company is present in social networking sites which have created a new attraction for the youth and also has enabled to spread product related awareness. Online selling options are available on the company’s websites. The company online sales had grown from 4% in 2009 to 8% in 2010 (SlideShare Inc, 2012). ... Competitors Lululemon has a wide range of competitors that have been doing business from a longer period. Adidas, Nike and Reebok are the biggest competitors of the company. They are almost present all over the world, whereas Lululemon has not yet started to operate their business in spread worldwide way. They are present in only a few of the global nations. Thus, the non-availability of the company’s products at a wider global location has been giving the competitive edge to their competitors (Lululemon Athletica Inc, 2010). Regulation Lululemon generally follows code of conduct as well as ethical standards in the business operations which enables them to operate their business and distribute their offerings in a convenient way. Technology Lululemon’s distribution facilities consist of automatic equipments that are controlled by the computers. Thus, it implies that their operations are complicated and risks of system failure or virus attack are at large. Proper operati ons of hardware and software and interruptions due to non-power supply may also affect the distribution process (Lululemon Athletica Inc, 2010). Consumer Lululemon’s consumers are primarily people who prefer to visit gym and exercise centers. Product Type The products offered by Lululemon are generally athletic apparels as well as accessories. Economic Lululemon’s products are costlier in comparison to its competitors. Thus, the company can only distribute its products to those markets where the buying power of the consumers are high. Therefore, the costlier products have been affecting the distribution process which in turn is affecting the sales of the products

Aramco and British Petroluem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Aramco and British Petroluem - Essay Example Saudi Aramco or Aramco is the national petroleum and natural gas company in Saudi Arabia. As per the reports, the company holds the largest crude oil reserves as well as the highest daily oil production capacity in the world. Observing such large scale operations, in 2015, Forbes magazine has facilitated Saudi Aramco as the largest oil and gas company in the world. Considering British Petroleum Plc, it is one of the six largest oil and gas companies in the world. This vertically integrated London based company concentrates on all segments of oil and gas industry ranging from exploration of energies to its production, refining and distribution in the global markets. From the company brief, it is evident that these two holds a very important position among the few companies in global oil and gas industry. Therefore, analyzing the internal operational techniques as well as global strategies related to corporate governance and leadership is definitely considered to be a critical task. Th erefore, for the purpose of analysis, the value chain and strength-weakness, opportunities-threats of these two firms will be evaluated and the corporate and global business strategies of these two companies will also be examined. In the next segment, global operational strategies of Saudi Aramco and British Petroleum will be analyzed in terms of Value Chain and SWOT analysis. The value chain defines a set of activities as identified by eminent strategist Michael Porter, analyzing which the company can recognize those factors that have enabled it to gain competitive advantage in the industry segment. Such factors can be categorized under primary and secondary activities. SWOT analysis helps an organization to identify the internal strength and weakness of the company as well as the opportunities and threats lying in its external environment. Saudi Aramco holds a very strong value chain depending upon which the company enjoys huge

What is intellectuality? how and to what effect is it used in the media?

What is intellectuality? how and to what effect is it used in the media? What is intertextuality? How and to what effect is it used in the media? Intertextuality can be discussed on many different levels. However, I have discovered that when thinking of intertextuality in contemporary media, my mind recalls those who founded intertextuality and are now an inspiration from their various approaches to this topic. Indeed, intertextuality mirrors its ever-present service as a way of formalizing a vast number of different techniques and effects in literature and in the media. Speaking in the light of this, I shall discuss the various concepts many linguistics reveal which revolve around the relationships between various interconnected texts in media studies. I also aim to explore intertextuality as a literary term, while I hope to illustrate the elements which reinforce intertextuality as an effective device used widely in the media today. Firstly, however, I would like to discuss the term ‘intertextuality. Intertextuality can be described as the shaping of texts meaning to other texts. This idea portrays the meaning of a text belonging exclusively to its authors intentions, as the former text to a readers referencing of one text in reading another. Intertextuality is the word coined by Julia Kristeva, a French linguist who has written much on this topic. She proposed the idea that a text should not be interpreted merely by its words, but also studied based on other works it has adapted. Kristeva referred to texts in terms of two axes: â€Å"horizontal axis (subject-addressee) and vertical axis (text-context) coincide, bringing to light an important factor: each word (text) is an intersection of word (texts) where at least one other word (text) can be read.† (Kristeva, 1980) Bonding these two axes can be meant they are shared codes; which leaves every text and every reading depending on prior signs or symb ols. Kristeva declared that â€Å"every text is from the outset under the jurisdiction of other discourses which impose a universe on it† (Kristeva, 1980). In Mikhail Bakhtins work, these two axes, which he calls â€Å"dialogue and ambivalence† (Bakhtin: cited in Kristeva, 1980), are not clearly separated. He argues that â€Å"any text is constructed as a mosaic of quotation; any text is the absorption and transformation of another. The notion of intertextuality replaces that of intersubjectivity, and poetic language is read as at least double.† (Bakhtin: cited in Kristeva, 1980) This debate between Kristeva and Bakhtin shows that there are conflicting views surrounding this topic concerning various terms applied; which open further discussion on the meaning of intertextuality as a literary term. Kristeva follows to argue that any text, as a ‘concept allows one to think about how language is arranged in ways which undercut its communicative purposes, meanwhile exposing the codes that classify the creation of linguistic messages. â€Å"The text provides one with the conceptual means by which to theorize and thus analyze the formation and deformation of the human being that takes place in the circuits of symbolic exchange.† (Kristeva, 1980) On the other hand, Roland Barthes (1977) introduces his concept and definition to intertextuality as â€Å"woven entirely with citations, references, echoes, cultural language which cut across in through and through in a vast stereophony. The intertextual in which every text is held, it itself being the text-between of another text, is not to be confused with some origin of the text† rather â€Å"the citation which go to make up a text anonymous†. (Barthes, 1977: cited in Graham Allen, 2003) However, Barthes declar es that the concept of text is that related to the concept of intertextuality by explaining that â€Å"a text is a multidimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash. The text is a tissue of quotations The writer can only imitate a gesture that is always anterior, never original; his only power is to mix writings, to counter the ones with the others, in such a way as never to rest on any one of them† (Barthes, 1977: cited in Allen, 2003). This shows that Barthes believes that text convey a meaning imparted to it by its author and is keen to avoid the misinterpretation of his defintion and relationship between ‘text and ‘intertextuality, different from all linguistics. Conversely, it can be said that all the above arguments show the concept of intertextuality launched in order to identify a fundamental dialogue of discourses and texts. Perhaps intertextuality â€Å"as a phenomenon presents certain difficulties precisely because it is so widespread. A particularly important problem has to do with the fact that the concept of intertextuality appears to be infinitely expandable† (Allen, 2003). This problem is complicated when applied in literary studies. However, Jonathan Culler (1998) found a way much easier to explain; a way in which intertextuality can be a simpler term to understand. He applied â€Å"the linguistic concept of presupposition to the way a text produces a ‘pre-text or draws attention to its own conventions.†(Culler 1998) Intertextuality through Cullers quote can be explained, for instance; if a reader picks up a book and reads its introduction or the blurb (pre-text) and engages with it, and then later decides to buy the book in order to discover the ‘full story. Notably, texts do dialogues but â€Å"it could be difficult to imagine dialogues without some notion of the author† (Anker Gemzoe, 1997). In other words, Gemzoe explains that although work can be seen as part of an authors belonging, it is usually difficult to read or analyse any text without some concept of the work. â€Å"These objections do not invalidate the idea of intertextuality in literary studies, but they make it clear that it should be handled with care† (Gemzoe, 1997). Furthermore, Norman Fairclough (1992) and John Fiske (1991) comment on the concept of intertextuality to expose an awareness of both its â€Å"promise and limitations†. (Fairclough and Fiske: cited in Allen 2003) Fairclough thought to introduce a systematic approach to intertextuality in order to involve various â€Å"categories and types designed to make the basic concept† (Fairclough, 1992) easier to apply. Accordingly, he points to a useful division between â€Å"‘manifest intertextuality and ‘interdiscursivity† (Fairclough, 1992). Manifest intertextuality is implied to be subdivided into the following categories: â€Å"Discourse representation, presupposition, negation, metadiscourse and irony† (Fairclough 1992). Interdiscursivity is more complicated because it â€Å"construes the categories in question as genres and styles† (Fairclough 1992). The idea of genre here, embraces the others as it sets the rules for styles and discourses. Culler states in his study of interdiscursivity that it â€Å"depends on several presuppositions† (Culler, 1998). However, Gemzoe draws particular attention to some significant theoretical suggestions involved in Kristevas earlier coining of the term ‘intertextuality. In Gemzoes opinion â€Å"Kristevas gesture involved a critical confrontation with the subject, representation, narrative and the work as an autonomous entity† (Gemzoe, 1997). The subject and the idea of representation are changed by a written structure with its own structures of reference. Two of these four suggestions â€Å"could make any use of the concept of intertextuality ambiguous in a literary context, even if the concept is acknowledged as somehow indispensable† (Gemzoe, 1997). Generally, intertextuality is seen to be used widely in the media. We interact with media everyday during our daily routines. Wither we read newspapers before going to work, or listen to the radio while driving our cars, or watch the television or a film in our free time or even read an advertisement displayed on a wall; we are all part of this media world or society in which we live in. However, from all the above arguments and definitions, it has been clearly recognized that intertextuality is present in literary studies. However, in media studies, intertextuality is obvious in some types of media than others. Fiske (1987) identifies intertextuality as a main supplier to the ways in which media texts make meaning culturally. He argues that â€Å"text relate to other text both similar, and different, and in doing so make meaning for audiences†. In the light of this, I shall start identifying examples of intertextuality used in a newspaper article, television soap, and music v ideos and in films. Not all newspapers contain intertextuality. The reason for this relates back to the type of paper. For examples, tabloids are known for their conversational and simple language which is written in favour for all age groups. Intertextuality is therefore most obvious in tabloids than in the ‘quality paper. For instance, in the Daily Mail Online, there is an article on Rita Simon from EastEnders revealing: â€Å"I hate the muffin tops Ive developed since having children†. This example of hating ‘muffin tops is the way she expresses her feelings towards the un-likeliness to her round like shape of her bust and later claims she would like â€Å"perkier boobs†. This example of intertextuality was not seen as a directly clear and profound one; rather it was hidden through the phrases used to portray another image. This technique is used effectively in newspapers and in this example, to focus on a particular subject to overlap the significance of another subject. Speaking of EastEnders, it can be said that the title of this soap itself, displays a clear heading of intertextuality in television. As known, EastEnders is set in the traditional working class area in the London Borough of Walford, in the ‘East End of London. The word ‘enders can be suggested to be the plural of the individual who lives in the east end, and thus this represents the lifestyle of the east in London. Fiske states that â€Å"discourse about television is itself a social force. It is a major site of the meditation of television meanings, a site where television meanings fuse with other meanings into a new text to form a major interface†, (Fiske, 1987). In examining a films intertextuality, therefore, it is best to look at the prior texts that influenced the film which that film takes up and makes into something new. Even if the film is mostly similar to its previous version, intertextuality can still be identified. For example, when discussing the film‘The Matrix, as this film is an example of intertextuality. It draws upon texts of Christian, Buddhist, and Hindu religions. Also, the film‘Slumdog Millionaire is another film name which draws our attention to the original name of the international, most famous program ‘Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? The films name derives from this well known program but is used to portray the life of a Mumbai teenage boy who grows up in the slums, becomes a contestant on the Indian version of â€Å"Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?† Following to this, music videos is a genre which is seen to rely heavily on the use of intertextuality to achieve a particular effect. Often this borrowing of a text to link it to a second one is stylistic. This means that a text will mimic or copy certain stylistic features of another text. Usually this is done in order to create a particular impact, although there may be instances where this borrowing may seem simply a matter of convenience to give a music video, for example, a particular look. For example, Christina Aguilera in her music video ‘Hurt dyed her hair blonde and cut it short, used red lipstick and took on a Marilyn Monroe look; many of her fans believed she is one of the main proponents in bringing back the 1920s and 1940s.   This, however, has always been the image of Marilyn in everybodys mind; therefore Christinas transformation had helped leave an impact on the viewers to sell her single quicker making it number one in the charts in 2005. For the viewers he re, the power of the image of the original text (Marilyn Monroe) is likely to be carried through into the new text (Christina Aguilera). In this study, I have interpreted the multiple meanings of intertextuality by many academics as a literary term and followed to examine how effective it is through examples I showed in the media. In conclusion to intertextuality in the media, it can be said that it acts as a ‘communicative occurrence; meaning that its presence helps analyse many genres, texts, media discourses etc. Without intertextuality, I believe it is partly difficult to understand where an original piece of text came from and how it developed into becoming a ‘new version of that original. Although I did not study all the media type in order to finalize my opinion on intertextuality in the media, however I believe that with the continuous revolutionized techniques the media uses to portray any sort of text or image; intertextuality will need to keep up with this development and thus catch up with the what is so-called ‘internet era in which we live in today.

Overpopulation, Population Control and Public Policy Essay -- Explorat

Overpopulation, Population Control and Public Policy The population explosion in the last one hundred years is a well-documented, and well-examined subject matter. All sorts of agencies have devoted time and resources to studying, problematizing, and strategizing in order to deal with the threat of overpopulation. Diverse groups, including the United Nations, have developed plans to encourage population control and decreased fertility rates. I will not go into the specifics of these plans here, as I will be examining them in detail in my presentation next week. However, I will say that population control in Third World nations have become an essential component of public policy, and have taken on many forms around the world. However, it seems possible that we are all jumping the gun. What if the population explosion is a self-correcting problem? There is some evidence that global fertility rates are naturally declining, even in areas without family planning and population control. Could the improved health and education in many countri es be achieving this goal without specific population control measures? Or else, are changes in the environment simply lowering human’s fertility? In addition, some people argue that it doesn’t matter how whether the population is exploding. There are those proponents of the â€Å"tech-fix,† who believe that human ingenuity is capable of dealing with any human population, and therefore the population explosion is not a problem. Malthusians are faced with many opponents in the modern day, and it does not seem to be likely that experts will reach a consensus on the danger of population growth any time through. However, I am not sure that this should put an end to the notion of family planning and popul... ...gnificantly positive benefits around the world. First, it may be able to slow the spread of AIDS and other STDs by spreading knowledge and condoms to places where the AIDS virus is prevalent. In addition, birth control and family planning is a key element in the improvement and increase in women’s rights. I do believe that a women’s right to reproductive freedom was a monumental victory for the feminist movement here in America. In addition, the benefits of birth control to women’s physical health are also very important. The decrease in number of pregnancies, and the increase in time between births are important in making childbirth safer and healthier for women. Population control may be useless and unnecessary when it comes to actually addressing the â€Å"population explosion,† but it produces positive side-benefits that may be as important as its primary objective.